作为分布式学习范式，由于许多模型同步和聚合，联合学习（FL）面临通信瓶颈问题。异质数据通过导致缓慢的收敛性进一步恶化了情况。尽管已经广泛研究了数据异质性对受监督的FL的影响，但联合加固学习（FRL）的相关研究仍处于起步阶段。在本文中，我们首先定义了基于策略梯度的FRL系统的数据异质性的类型和水平。通过检查全球和本地目标功能之间的联系，我们证明本地培训可以使全球目标受益，如果本地差异（TV）在本地和全球政策之间的距离（TV）距离适当地惩罚。从本地政策中可以学习的全球政策的必要条件也被得出，这与异质性水平直接相关。基于理论结果，提出了基于Kullback-Leibler（KL）差异的惩罚，该惩罚与传统方法不同，该方法与惩罚参数空间中模型差异的常规方法不同，直接限制了分布空间中的模型输出。还提供了所提出算法的收敛证明。通过将当地政策与全球政策的差异共同惩罚，并以全球惩罚，并以当地惩罚来限制本地培训的每一次迭代，拟议的方法在训练速度（步骤大小）和融合之间取得了更好的权衡。两个流行的强化学习（RL）实验平台的实验结果证明了所提出的算法比现有方法在加速和稳定训练过程中使用异质数据的优势。

Deep learning-based approaches have been developed to solve challenging problems in wireless communications, leading to promising results. Early attempts adopted neural network architectures inherited from applications such as computer vision. They often yield poor performance in large scale networks (i.e., poor scalability) and unseen network settings (i.e., poor generalization). To resolve these issues, graph neural networks (GNNs) have been recently adopted, as they can effectively exploit the domain knowledge, i.e., the graph topology in wireless communications problems. GNN-based methods can achieve near-optimal performance in large-scale networks and generalize well under different system settings, but the theoretical underpinnings and design guidelines remain elusive, which may hinder their practical implementations. This paper endeavors to fill both the theoretical and practical gaps. For theoretical guarantees, we prove that GNNs achieve near-optimal performance in wireless networks with much fewer training samples than traditional neural architectures. Specifically, to solve an optimization problem on an $n$-node graph (where the nodes may represent users, base stations, or antennas), GNNs' generalization error and required number of training samples are $\mathcal{O}(n)$ and $\mathcal{O}(n^2)$ times lower than the unstructured multi-layer perceptrons. For design guidelines, we propose a unified framework that is applicable to general design problems in wireless networks, which includes graph modeling, neural architecture design, and theory-guided performance enhancement. Extensive simulations, which cover a variety of important problems and network settings, verify our theory and the effectiveness of the proposed design framework.

虽然深度学习方法近年来取得了高级视频对象识别性能，但在视频中感知封闭对象仍然是一个非常具有挑战性的任务。为促进遮挡理解的发展，我们在遮挡方案中收集一个名为OVIS的大规模数据集，用于遮挡方案中的视频实例分段。 ovis由296K高质量的屏幕和901个遮挡场景组成。虽然我们的人类视觉系统可以通过语境推理和关联来感知那些遮挡物体，但我们的实验表明当前的视频了解系统不能。在ovis数据集上，所有基线方法都遇到了大约80％的大约80％的大约80％，这表明仍然有很长的路要走在复杂的真实情景中理解模糊物体和视频。为了促进对视频理解系统的新范式研究，我们基于OVI数据集启动了挑战。提交的顶级执行算法已经比我们的基线实现了更高的性能。在本文中，我们将介绍OVIS数据集，并通过分析基线的结果和提交的方法来进一步剖析。可以在http://songbai.site/ovis找到ovis数据集和挑战信息。

我们的视频是否可以在场景中存在沉重的遮挡时感知对象？为了回答这个问题，我们收集一个名为OVIS的大型数据集，用于遮挡视频实例分段，即同时检测，段和跟踪遮挡场景中的实例。 OVIS由25个语义类别的296K高质量的掩码组成，通常发生对象遮挡。虽然我们的人类视觉系统可以通过语境推理和关联来理解那些被遮挡的情况，但我们的实验表明当前的视频理解系统不能。在ovis数据集上，最先进的算法实现的最高AP仅为16.3，这揭示了我们仍然处于创建对象，实例和视频中的新生阶段。我们还提出了一个简单的即插即用模块，执行时间特征校准，以补充闭塞引起的缺失对象线索。基于MaskTrack R-CNN和SIPMASK构建，我们在OVIS数据集中获得了显着的AP改进。 ovis数据集和项目代码可在http://songbai.site/ovis获得。

Three main points: 1. Data Science (DS) will be increasingly important to heliophysics; 2. Methods of heliophysics science discovery will continually evolve, requiring the use of learning technologies [e.g., machine learning (ML)] that are applied rigorously and that are capable of supporting discovery; and 3. To grow with the pace of data, technology, and workforce changes, heliophysics requires a new approach to the representation of knowledge.

We describe a Physics-Informed Neural Network (PINN) that simulates the flow induced by the astronomical tide in a synthetic port channel, with dimensions based on the Santos - S\~ao Vicente - Bertioga Estuarine System. PINN models aim to combine the knowledge of physical systems and data-driven machine learning models. This is done by training a neural network to minimize the residuals of the governing equations in sample points. In this work, our flow is governed by the Navier-Stokes equations with some approximations. There are two main novelties in this paper. First, we design our model to assume that the flow is periodic in time, which is not feasible in conventional simulation methods. Second, we evaluate the benefit of resampling the function evaluation points during training, which has a near zero computational cost and has been verified to improve the final model, especially for small batch sizes. Finally, we discuss some limitations of the approximations used in the Navier-Stokes equations regarding the modeling of turbulence and how it interacts with PINNs.

Model counting is a fundamental problem which has been influential in many applications, from artificial intelligence to formal verification. Due to the intrinsic hardness of model counting, approximate techniques have been developed to solve real-world instances of model counting. This paper designs a new anytime approach called PartialKC for approximate model counting. The idea is a form of partial knowledge compilation to provide an unbiased estimate of the model count which can converge to the exact count. Our empirical analysis demonstrates that PartialKC achieves significant scalability and accuracy over prior state-of-the-art approximate counters, including satss and STS. Interestingly, the empirical results show that PartialKC reaches convergence for many instances and therefore provides exact model counting performance comparable to state-of-the-art exact counters.

The findable, accessible, interoperable, and reusable (FAIR) data principles have provided a framework for examining, evaluating, and improving how we share data with the aim of facilitating scientific discovery. Efforts have been made to generalize these principles to research software and other digital products. Artificial intelligence (AI) models -- algorithms that have been trained on data rather than explicitly programmed -- are an important target for this because of the ever-increasing pace with which AI is transforming scientific and engineering domains. In this paper, we propose a practical definition of FAIR principles for AI models and create a FAIR AI project template that promotes adherence to these principles. We demonstrate how to implement these principles using a concrete example from experimental high energy physics: a graph neural network for identifying Higgs bosons decaying to bottom quarks. We study the robustness of these FAIR AI models and their portability across hardware architectures and software frameworks, and report new insights on the interpretability of AI predictions by studying the interplay between FAIR datasets and AI models. Enabled by publishing FAIR AI models, these studies pave the way toward reliable and automated AI-driven scientific discovery.

We introduce Patch Aligned Contrastive Learning (PACL), a modified compatibility function for CLIP's contrastive loss, intending to train an alignment between the patch tokens of the vision encoder and the CLS token of the text encoder. With such an alignment, a model can identify regions of an image corresponding to a given text input, and therefore transfer seamlessly to the task of open vocabulary semantic segmentation without requiring any segmentation annotations during training. Using pre-trained CLIP encoders with PACL, we are able to set the state-of-the-art on the task of open vocabulary zero-shot segmentation on 4 different segmentation benchmarks: Pascal VOC, Pascal Context, COCO Stuff and ADE20K. Furthermore, we show that PACL is also applicable to image-level predictions and when used with a CLIP backbone, provides a general improvement in zero-shot classification accuracy compared to CLIP, across a suite of 12 image classification datasets.

In this paper the implementation of piezoelectrics to a state-of-the-art wafer gripper is investigated. The objective is to propose and validate a solution method, which includes a mechanical design and control system, to achieve at least 5% damping for two eigenmodes of a wafer gripper. This objective serves as a 'proof of concept' to show the possibilities of implementing a state-of-the-art damping method to an industrial application, which in turn can be used to dampen different thin structures. The coupling relation between the piezoelectrics and their host structure were used to design the placement of the piezoelectric patches, together with modal analysis data of the a state-of-the-art wafer gripper. This data had been measured through an experimental setup. Active damping has been succesfully implemented onto the wafer gripper where positive position feedback (PPF) is used as a control algorithm to dampen two eigenmodes.